by Charles C. Bonwell and James A. Eison.
George Washington University, 1991.

Format: Lecture 12-15 minutes

Pause for 2 minutes:

students work in pairs to review, discuss and

revise their notes

(repeat this pattern three times)
Last 3 minutes of class: "Write everything you can recall from the lecture."

Results: ("treatment" and "control" groups in two different courses over two semesters)
on a 65-item multiple-choice quiz given 12 days after the last lecture, comprehension and retention of the lecture material was consistently much better, in some cases up to 2 letter grades better.

Basedon the empirically based observation that people comprehend and retain material better when tested quickly and frequently.

Format: give a test on that days lecture at the end of the lecture, every time

Results: doubled the retention of the lecture material on a test given 8 weeks after the last lecture.

 

Format: Before class: students do "study questions"
20 min.: lecture
10 min.: small groups discuss teacher-provided question related to the lecture
20 min.: lecture
After class: students do "study questions"

Results: 99% of students liked the method and 93% said they in fact did do the study questions before and after class.

4. "Guided" Lecture

 

Format: 30 min.: lecture (students take NO notes)
5 min.: students take notes on what they remember
15 min.: small groups discuss teacher-provided question related to lecture